Travel to Italy: Classical Rome 1: The Forum: Photo 18

Looking west from the Arch of Titus over the Roman Forum. The view extends to the triple Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 to celebrate victories over the Parthians. On the right, the steps and massive columns of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. On the left, the freestanding columns of the Temple of Castor. In the background, the Capitoline Hill. Though destined to be the city center, the valley was originally a swamp, and it was drained early in Roman history by the famous Cloaca Maxima, which drained to the Tiber, a thousand feet off to the left. The forum was completely buried by the time of Charlemagne, but excavations began in the Renaissance and became serious business in the time of Pius IX.

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